The Niger Delta is made up of nine states out of thirty (36) that make up the Federal Republic of Nigeria. These states are delta. Edo, Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Ondo, Imo, Abia and Akwa Ibom-State and situated in the southern part of the country. Niger Delta covers about 70,000 square kilometers and with an estimated population of 25 million people. The region is spoken by over forty different ethnic groups speaking different languages. The dominantOccupation of the population are agriculture and fishing.
The crisis in this region, which lasted for many decades and has caused serious losses in human lives and material resources is due to the following factors, as described below.
Muslim States
(1) HAND THE DECAY infrastructure and very poor level of economic development in the region
The discovery of oil in Oloibiri Ijaw and rural communities in the Niger Delta by Shell in May 1958, laying the groundwork for a major change in aEconomic wealth of the country. Many companies have been commissioned to explore the area and not too long, he started full exploration and in Nigeria, a major oil-exporting country. Nigeria has had to earn huge amounts of foreign exchange from this lucrative oil business, which for large infrastructure development of the country's accounts. Ironically, the infrastructural development is not visible in the Niger Delta, where crude oil is drawn. Federal Allocationpaid to oil-producing states is in no way comparable to the amount of economic resources, which goes annually to the region. E 'discouraging that many of the communities of the Niger Delta, the exploration and massive exploitation of oil still live in extreme poverty had lived to see. These people have no access to basic amenities like good roads, schools, portable drinking water, housing and other relevant social infrastructure. Furthermore, the level of infrastructure developmentvisible in cities like Lagos and Abuja, the capital of former and present capital of Nigeria and the region can be achieved due to the export of foreign currency reserves high in oil, compared to the prevalent in the Niger Delta, shows the degree of exclusion suffered from Niger Delta communities. With the above situation, the threat of a crisis is inevitable.
Muslim States
(2) the activities of Standard Oil Company and companies in the area.
The Niger DeltaRegion of Nigeria had experienced the massive production of oil for many decades with large multinational companies like Shell, Chevron, Texaco and many others in the forefront of these activities. It must be said that these oil companies to operate well below the standard expected of them. The exploration and exploitation of oil companies in the Niger Delta has been impressive over time. Oil-producing regions suffer serious damage as a result of the activities of oil companies. The oil companies haveoperated for many decades in the Niger Delta, without an EIA standard. A situation that is not acceptable in developed countries. The people of the Niger Delta are exposed to deal with oil spills and environmental degradation as a result of the activities of oil companies.
The social responsibility of oil companies and other companies in the area are among the international standards, and this is undermined by the Federal Government of Nigeria
(3) THE POORApplication of the federal system of government GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA, the desire to control resources and the arrogance of the highest government.
The federal system of government of Nigeria in operation, must be able to address the problem of having control of resources, failed to do so, since the system was operated in default. The federal government on many occasions about the steps that have limits and this is exposed in oil production in Nigeria. Today, the federal governmentallocates a percentage of oil revenues each year, the oil-producing countries in the country. This should not be functional in a federal system. Regional governments should manage their economic resources available in their areas and pay taxes to the federal government, because this is the norm in other countries where the federal system is the need of the hour, with the United States of America as a typical example.
The desire for control of resources has led to several internal crisesand demonstration in the Niger Delta, especially with the show continued marginalization and insensitivity to the plight of people affected by the government. A practical example of the above is the Ogoni community of Rivers State. On August 26, 1990 issued the Ogoni a bill that the federal government of Nigeria has been sent to ask the political freedom to guarantee political control over the story of their land and control of economic resources of the Ogoni People. ThisThe demand has decreased but the Ogoni people, whose case was not to stop the tip of Mosop. They stepped up its fight their case with various agencies and international organizations. This act led to the realization of human rights activist Ken Saro Wiwa in 1993, which was an important figure in the struggle waged by the then military government of General Sani Abacha.
The struggle for resource control and emancipation has never been a bargain only as Ogoni. TheOgba, Itsekhiri, Ijaw, Urhobo and many other communities in the Niger Delta began a constant struggle.
In addition, the regional state governments of oil-producing states met in Nigeria and also presented a case of increased allocation of at least 10%, for the development of the Niger Delta, but the federal government granted only 3%. The act of arrogance and insensitivity of the high federal governments past and present have been a significant part of the seemingly endlessCrisis in the region.
(4) the fundamental issue of corruption in Nigeria
It has been argued that the federal government of Nigeria for many decades, given the fairly rapid development of revenue in the Niger Delta, which is very true to a large extent be guaranteed. But the fundamental question is: what is the famous "little" grown up so much revenue?
It must be said that it is not prudent management of resources in the Niger Delta have been. The agencies set upby federal and state governments to accelerate the development of the region as a means to absorb enormous amounts of money to use personal pockets. Questionable personalities of the characters are called to this body, which makes no sense then the head throughout the process. Nobody's fault but the government did not adequately monitor the activities of these organizations to ensure that they fulfill the purposes for which they were created.
There is a provisions of the Constitution of 1999has 13% of the total revenue received from oil, the country's oil-producing countries and also sets the Commission for the development of the Niger Delta (NDDC), a federal agency whose mission is to accelerate economic development and infrastructure in the area, but these have not served the desired purpose at all.
Some state governors in the Niger Delta are for money laundering by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission has attempted to provide a structure of the FederalGovernment to investigate criminal and involve people in financial crimes. These governors have billions of naira, sucked their personal zoom. Another question that will arise, "if a governor can public funds to steal billions of naira from the tone is the same governor, not to steal, if he is allowed to manage resources in their area, when a federal system is in full force ? "
The problem of corruption is very present in the government and the social life ofNigerians need to be addressed seriously by the federal government. Nothing significant will be achieved in the Niger Delta, where corrupt officials are appointed to manage development projects and programs. It 'also important to note that the issue of corruption is a national problem, with Nigeria as one of the most corrupt in the world is a being.
The earlier history of the crisis in the Niger Delta
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